This module performs conversions between Python values and C structs represented as Python bytes objects. Format strings are the mechanism used to specify the expected layout when packing and unpacking data. Module struct is available in Python 3.x and not on 2.x, thus these codes will run on Python3 interpreter.

The struct module in Python is used to pack and unpack data to and from binary formats. This is useful for transmitting data across different platforms or for storing data in a more compact way. The struct module provides a way to convert Python data types to and from packed binary data, allowing you to read and write binary data in a platform-independent way.

The struct module provides several functions for packing and unpacking data, including pack(), unpack(), calcsize(), and iter_unpack(). The pack() function takes a format string and one or more arguments, and returns a string containing the packed binary data. The unpack() function takes a format string and a string of binary data, and returns a tuple of unpacked values.

The format string is a string that specifies the format of the binary data. It contains one or more format codes, which represent the data types of the values being packed or unpacked. For example, the format code i represents a signed integer, while the format code f represents a floating-point number.

The struct module supports a wide range of data types and format codes, including integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and structures. It also supports endianness, allowing you to specify the byte order of the binary data.

Overall, the struct module is a powerful tool for working with binary data in Python, and can be used in a variety of applications, from network programming to data storage and serialization.