What is namespace:

A namespace is a system that has a unique name for each and every object in Python. An object might be a variable or a method. Python itself maintains a namespace in the form of a Python dictionary. Let’s go through an example, a directory-file system structure in computers. Needless to say, that one can have multiple directories having a file with the same name inside every directory. But one can get directed to the file, one wishes, just by specifying the absolute path to the file. 
Real-time example, the role of a namespace is like a surname. One might not find a single “Alice” in the class there might be multiple “Alice” but when you particularly ask for “Alice Lee” or “Alice Clark” (with a surname), there will be only one (time being don’t think of both first name and surname are same for multiple students).
On similar lines, the Python interpreter understands what exact method or variable one is trying to point to in the code, depending upon the namespace. So, the division of the word itself gives a little more information. Its Name (which means name, a unique identifier) + Space(which talks something related to scope). Here, a name might be of any Python method or variable and space depends upon the location from where is trying to access a variable or a method.

In Python, a namespace is a system that organizes identifiers (such as variable names, function names, and class names) in a program to avoid naming conflicts and to make it easier to understand and maintain code. Namespaces in Python are implemented as dictionaries, where each dictionary holds a set of names and their corresponding objects. When you define a variable or a function, Python adds it to the current namespace.

The scope in Python determines the accessibility of a particular variable, function, or object in a program. Python uses four different types of scopes: the built-in scope, global scope, local scope, and nonlocal scope.

The built-in scope contains built-in functions and constants that are available in all parts of the program.

The global scope is where variables, functions, and objects that are defined outside of any function or class are stored. They can be accessed from any part of the program.

The local scope is where variables, functions, and objects that are defined inside a function are stored. They can only be accessed within the function in which they are defined.

The nonlocal scope is used to access variables that are defined in the enclosing function of a nested function.

Understanding namespaces and scopes is essential for writing efficient, modular, and bug-free Python programs. By using namespaces and scopes properly, you can avoid naming conflicts and ensure that your code is well-organized and easy to read and maintain.