Lexical Scoping in R programming means that the values of the free variables are searched for in the environment in which the function was defined. An environment is a collection of symbols, value, and pair, every environment has a parent environment it is possible for an environment to have multiple children but the only environment without the parent is the empty environment. If the value of the symbol is not found in the environment in which the function was defined then the search is continued in the parent environment. In R, the free variable bindings are resolve by first looking in the environment in which the function was created. This is called Lexical Scoping.

Lexical scoping is a fundamental concept in R programming language that governs the way variables are accessed and resolved in a nested set of functions. In R, lexical scoping determines the visibility of variables and functions within a particular environment, and it is used to control how variables are accessed by nested functions.

In R, every function is defined in its own environment, and this environment contains all the variables that the function needs to execute. When a function is called, it creates a new environment that is linked to the environment of the function that called it. This linking of environments forms a chain of nested environments, also known as the "lexical environment".

In lexical scoping, variables defined in an outer function are accessible by the inner function, but not vice versa. This means that variables defined in the global environment or in an outer function can be used within a nested function, but variables defined within the nested function cannot be accessed outside of it.

Lexical scoping is an important feature of R programming language, as it allows for efficient and organized code development. By controlling the visibility of variables, lexical scoping helps to prevent naming conflicts and allows functions to be reused more easily.