Matrix is nothing but a rectangular arrangement of data or numbers. In other words, it is a rectangular array of data or numbers. The horizontal entries in a matrix are called as ‘rows’ while the vertical entries are called as ‘columns’. If a matrix has r number of rows and c number of columns then the order of matrix is given by r x c. Each entries in a matrix can be integer values, or floating values, or even it can be complex numbers.
Examples:
// 3 x 4 matrix 1 2 3 4 M = 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 // 2 x 3 matrix in Python A = ( [ 2, 5, 7 ], [ 4, 7, 9 ] ) // 3 x 4 matrix in Python where entries are floating numbers B = ( [ 1.0, 3.5, 5.4, 7.9 ], [ 9.0, 2.5, 4.2, 3.6 ], [ 1.5, 3.2, 1.6, 6.5 ] )
In Python, we can take a user input matrix in different ways. Some of the methods for user input matrix in Python are shown below:
Code #1:
# A basic code for matrix input from user R = int(input("Enter the number of rows:")) C = int(input("Enter the number of columns:")) # Initialize matrix matrix = [] print("Enter the entries rowwise:") # For user input for i in range(R): # A for loop for row entries a =[] for j in range(C): # A for loop for column entries a.append(int(input())) matrix.append(a) # For printing the matrix for i in range(R): for j in range(C): print(matrix[i][j], end = " ") print()
Output:
Enter the number of rows:2 Enter the number of columns:3 Enter the entries rowwise: 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
One liner:
# one-liner logic to take input for rows and columns mat = [[int(input()) for x in range (C)] for y in range(R)]
Code #2: Using map()
function and Numpy
.
In Python, there exists a popular library called NumPy. This library is a fundamental library for any scientific computation. It is also used for multidimensional arrays and as we know matrix is a rectangular array, we will use this library for user input matrix.
import numpy as np R = int(input("Enter the number of rows:")) C = int(input("Enter the number of columns:")) print("Enter the entries in a single line (separated by space): ") # User input of entries in a # single line separated by space entries = list(map(int, input().split())) # For printing the matrix matrix = np.array(entries).reshape(R, C) print(matrix)
Output:
Enter the number of rows:2 Enter the number of columns:2 Enter the entries in a single line separated by space: 1 2 3 1 [[1 2] [3 1]]
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